How is the fetus nourished in the uterus?

The fetus is nourished in the uterus primarily through the placenta. The placenta acts as an interface between the mother and the developing fetus, facilitating the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products. It allows for the transfer of essential nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids from the mother's bloodstream into the fetal circulation, while also allowing waste products produced by the fetus to move back into the maternal blood for elimination.

The placenta is richly vascularized, meaning that it has a high concentration of blood vessels that enhance its ability to transport these substances effectively. It does this through structures called chorionic villi, which are finger-like projections that increase the surface area for exchange and increase the efficiency of nutrient transfer.

Aside from nutrition, the placenta also plays significant roles in hormonal regulation and immune protection for the fetus. This complex organ is crucial for the successful growth and development of the fetus throughout pregnancy.