What are considered the functional units of the nervous system?

Neurons are considered the functional units of the nervous system because they are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body via electrical and chemical signals. Each neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, allowing them to receive input from other neurons, process that information, and send signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. This intricate communication network is essential for various functions including reflexes, sensory perception, and cognitive processes.

While muscles, glands, and organs play important roles in the overall functioning of the body, they do not directly facilitate the transmission of signals or processing of information in the way that neurons do. Muscles are responsible for movement, glands secrete hormones and other substances, and organs perform specific functions required for homeostasis. Therefore, the unique properties and roles of neurons distinctly position them as the foundational components of the nervous system.