What function does the hypothalamus primarily govern?

The hypothalamus plays a critical role in the endocrine system by governing the pituitary gland. It acts as a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, controlling various hormonal functions through its influence on the pituitary. By releasing or inhibiting hormones, the hypothalamus regulates the secretion of hormones from the pituitary, which in turn controls several other endocrine glands throughout the body. This relationship is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, including regulating metabolism, stress responses, reproduction, and growth.

While the regulation of temperature is indeed a function of the hypothalamus, it is not its primary role. The hypothalamus does help maintain body temperature by adjusting physiological responses such as sweating or shivering. However, this function is just one of many tasks it performs. Pain perception and coordination of motor functions are not directly governed by the hypothalamus; these processes involve different parts of the brain and nervous system.