What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?

If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum remains functional. This is a critical aspect of early pregnancy. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms from the remnants of the ovarian follicle. Its main role is to produce hormones, primarily progesterone, which helps prepare the uterine lining for a potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

When fertilization takes place, the embryo produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which signals the corpus luteum to continue its hormone production. This hormonal support is vital in maintaining the uterine lining and providing the necessary environment for the embryo to develop in the early stages of pregnancy. The corpus luteum typically functions for several weeks after conception, until the placenta can take over hormone production, usually by the end of the first trimester. Thus, its continued functionality is essential for the success of the pregnancy in its early weeks.