What is the role of the protein pigment melanin?

Melanin serves a crucial role in protecting the skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This protein pigment is produced by specialized cells known as melanocytes, which are located in the epidermis. When skin is exposed to sunlight, melanin production is stimulated, resulting in a tanning effect that offers a degree of natural protection against the harmful effects of UV rays, including DNA damage and skin cancer. The darker the skin, the more melanin it contains, which enhances its ability to absorb and dissipate UV radiation, thus reducing the risk of sunburn and long-term skin damage.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary function of melanin. While body temperature regulation is managed by various physiological mechanisms and structures, melanin does not play a direct role in this process. Structural support in the skin is primarily provided by collagen and elastin, rather than melanin. Additionally, the oiliness of the skin is influenced by sebaceous glands, which produce sebum, not by melanin.