What major function does the endocrine system control?

The endocrine system plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes throughout the body, with growth and metabolism being two of its primary functions. It achieves this through the secretion of hormones, which are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream. These hormones influence growth by regulating cellular development and differentiation, affecting processes such as puberty, tissue repair, and overall body growth.

Metabolism, which encompasses all chemical reactions in the body, including how we convert food into energy and how nutrients are utilized, is also heavily influenced by hormones. For instance, insulin and glucagon regulate glucose metabolism, while thyroid hormones play a significant role in determining the metabolic rate. By maintaining homeostasis for growth and metabolic activities, the endocrine system ensures the body functions optimally over time.